文章最後更新於 2020 年 11 月 6 日
前言
在練習英文口說的時候，最常常被老師糾正的部分，就是動詞時態的過去式或過去完成式，尤其是不規則動詞，如果平常很少用的話，基本上都會說錯。
老外如果聽到錯誤的時態，其實會搞不清楚你到底在說什麼，到底在講現在發生的事還是過去發生的事？因此一定要把不規則動詞三態給練好。
最好的練習方式，就是練造句，用寫的或說的都行，但必需要組成一句在形容過去發生的事的句子，反覆多練幾次，就會記熟了！
下圖是常見的不規則動態三態表，來自網站 https://www.pinterest.com/pin/633387435937297/
常見的不規則動態三態表
另外也有人依照三態的型式，再分類成下面這幾種類型，方便記憶。(參考來源：https://tripliz.com/irregular-verbs/)
一、三態皆相同 (AAA)
| 原形V | 過去式Ved | 過去分詞Vpp |
|---|---|---|
| cut | cut | cut |
| cost | cost | cost |
| hit | hit | hit |
| hurt | hurt | hurt |
| let | let | let |
| read | read | read |
| rid | rid | rid |
| set | set | set |
| shut | shut | shut |
| spread | spread | spread |
| fit | fit | fit |
| broadcast | broadcast | broadcast |
| put | put | put |
| quit | quit | quit |
| upset | upset | upset |
二、過去分詞和動詞原形相同 (ABA)
| 原形V | 過去式Ved | 過去分詞Vpp |
|---|---|---|
| become | became | become |
| come | came | come |
| run | ran | run |
三、過去式和過去分詞相同 (ABB)
| 原形V | 過去式Ved | 過去分詞Vpp |
|---|---|---|
| say | said | said |
| pay | paid | paid |
| sell | sold | sold |
| tell | told | told |
| catch | caught | caught |
| teach | taught | taught |
| buy | bought | bought |
| seek | sought | sought |
| bring | brought | brought |
| think | thought | thought |
| fight | fought | fought |
| have | had | had |
| hear | heard | heard |
| make | made | made |
| build | built | built |
| lend | lent | lent |
| send | sent | sent |
| spend | spent | spent |
| lose | lost | lost |
| smell | smelt smelled | smelt smelled |
| get | got | got |
| sit | sat | sat |
| win | won | won |
| strike | struck | struck |
| stick | stuck | stuck |
| dig | dug | dug |
| hang | hung | hung |
| hold | held | held |
| meet | met | met |
| feed | fed | fed |
| lead | led | led |
| shoot | shot | shot |
| shine | shone shined | shone shined |
| feel | felt | felt |
| keep | kept | kept |
| sleep | slept | slept |
| leave | left | left |
| sweep | swept | swept |
| stand | stood | stood |
| understand | understood | understood |
| spell | spelt | spelt |
| learn | learnt | learnt |
| find | found | found |
| mean | meant | meant |
| bend | bent | bent |
| burn | burnt burned | burnt burned |
| dive | dove dived | dived |
| dream | dreamt dreamed | dreamt dreamed |
| lay | laid | laid |
| light | lit lighted | lit lighted |
| meet | met | met |
| slide | slid | slid |
| weep | wept | wept |
四、三態都不相同 (ABC)
(1) i – a – u 變化
| 原形V | 過去式Ved | 過去分詞Vpp |
|---|---|---|
| begin | began | begun |
| drink | drank | drunk |
| ring | rang | rung |
| sing | sang | sung |
| sink | sank | sunk |
| swim | swam | swum |
(2)詞尾變化為 ear – ore -orn
| 原形V | 過去式Ved | 過去分詞Vpp |
|---|---|---|
| bear | bore | born |
| tear | tore | torn |
| wear | wore | worn |
| swear | swore | sworn |
(3)過去式以-ew結尾，過去分詞以-wn結尾
| 原形V | 過去式Ved | 過去分詞Vpp |
|---|---|---|
| blow | blew | blown |
| draw | drew | drawn |
| fly | flew | flown |
| grow | grew | grown |
| know | knew | known |
| throw | threw | thrown |
| withdraw | withdrew | withdrawn |
(4)過去分詞以-en結尾
| 原形V | 過去式Ved | 過去分詞Vpp |
|---|---|---|
| break | broke | broken |
| choose | chose | chosen |
| eat | ate | eaten |
| fall | fell | fallen |
| forget | forgot | forgotten |
| give | gave | given |
| rise | rose | risen |
| see | saw | seen |
| shake | shook | shaken |
| speak | spoke | spoken |
| steal | stole | stolen |
| bite | bit | bitten |
| drive | drove | driven |
| hide | hid | hidden |
| ride | rode | ridden |
| take | took | taken |
| wake | woke waked | woken waked |
| write | wrote | written |
| awake | awoke | awoken |
| freeze | froze | frozen |
(5)其他
| 原形V | 過去式Ved | 過去分詞Vpp |
|---|---|---|
| be(am,are,is) | was,were | been |
| sew | sewed | sewn |
| do | did | done |
| go | went | gone |
| show | showed | shown |
| lie | lay | lain |
關於作者
-
大家好，我是 Oscar（卡哥）。曾任 Yahoo 資深工程師（Lead Engineer），也是高智商組織 Mensa 的會員，擁有超過 15 年的軟體開發經驗。職涯中曾參與 Yahoo 關鍵字廣告、電子商務與搜尋相關專案，近年則在虛擬貨幣交易所專注於大數據與 AI 資料服務，帶領團隊開發具影響力的產品與解決方案。
在工作之外，我熱愛音樂，平時喜歡彈吉他、創作與演奏；運動方面偏好羽球，也投入在美股與虛擬貨幣的投資領域。最享受的，是透過交流與分享，把知識與經驗轉化成更多可能性。
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