【英文學習】不規則動詞三態變型 Common Irregular Verbs in English

文章最後更新於 2020 年 11 月 6 日

前言

在練習英文口說的時候，最常常被老師糾正的部分，就是動詞時態的過去式或過去完成式，尤其是不規則動詞，如果平常很少用的話，基本上都會說錯。

老外如果聽到錯誤的時態，其實會搞不清楚你到底在說什麼，到底在講現在發生的事還是過去發生的事？因此一定要把不規則動詞三態給練好。

最好的練習方式，就是練造句，用寫的或說的都行，但必需要組成一句在形容過去發生的事的句子，反覆多練幾次，就會記熟了！

下圖是常見的不規則動態三態表，來自網站 https://www.pinterest.com/pin/633387435937297/

常見的不規則動態三態表

另外也有人依照三態的型式，再分類成下面這幾種類型，方便記憶。(參考來源：https://tripliz.com/irregular-verbs/)

一、三態皆相同 (AAA)

原形V	過去式Ved	過去分詞Vpp
cut	cut	cut
cost	cost	cost
hit	hit	hit
hurt	hurt	hurt
let	let	let
read	read	read
rid	rid	rid
set	set	set
shut	shut	shut
spread	spread	spread
fit	fit	fit
broadcast	broadcast	broadcast
put	put	put
quit	quit	quit
upset	upset	upset

二、過去分詞和動詞原形相同 (ABA)

原形V	過去式Ved	過去分詞Vpp
become	became	become
come	came	come
run	ran	run

三、過去式和過去分詞相同 (ABB)

原形V	過去式Ved	過去分詞Vpp
say	said	said
pay	paid	paid
sell	sold	sold
tell	told	told
catch	caught	caught
teach	taught	taught
buy	bought	bought
seek	sought	sought
bring	brought	brought
think	thought	thought
fight	fought	fought
have	had	had
hear	heard	heard
make	made	made
build	built	built
lend	lent	lent
send	sent	sent
spend	spent	spent
lose	lost	lost
smell	smelt smelled	smelt smelled
get	got	got
sit	sat	sat
win	won	won
strike	struck	struck
stick	stuck	stuck
dig	dug	dug
hang	hung	hung
hold	held	held
meet	met	met
feed	fed	fed
lead	led	led
shoot	shot	shot
shine	shone shined	shone shined
feel	felt	felt
keep	kept	kept
sleep	slept	slept
leave	left	left
sweep	swept	swept
stand	stood	stood
understand	understood	understood
spell	spelt	spelt
learn	learnt	learnt
find	found	found
mean	meant	meant
bend	bent	bent
burn	burnt burned	burnt burned
dive	dove dived	dived
dream	dreamt dreamed	dreamt dreamed
lay	laid	laid
light	lit lighted	lit lighted
meet	met	met
slide	slid	slid
weep	wept	wept

四、三態都不相同 (ABC)

(1) i – a – u 變化

原形V	過去式Ved	過去分詞Vpp
begin	began	begun
drink	drank	drunk
ring	rang	rung
sing	sang	sung
sink	sank	sunk
swim	swam	swum

(2)詞尾變化為 ear – ore -orn

原形V	過去式Ved	過去分詞Vpp
bear	bore	born
tear	tore	torn
wear	wore	worn
swear	swore	sworn

(3)過去式以-ew結尾，過去分詞以-wn結尾

原形V	過去式Ved	過去分詞Vpp
blow	blew	blown
draw	drew	drawn
fly	flew	flown
grow	grew	grown
know	knew	known
throw	threw	thrown
withdraw	withdrew	withdrawn

(4)過去分詞以-en結尾

原形V	過去式Ved	過去分詞Vpp
break	broke	broken
choose	chose	chosen
eat	ate	eaten
fall	fell	fallen
forget	forgot	forgotten
give	gave	given
rise	rose	risen
see	saw	seen
shake	shook	shaken
speak	spoke	spoken
steal	stole	stolen
bite	bit	bitten
drive	drove	driven
hide	hid	hidden
ride	rode	ridden
take	took	taken
wake	woke waked	woken waked
write	wrote	written
awake	awoke	awoken
freeze	froze	frozen

(5)其他

原形V	過去式Ved	過去分詞Vpp
be(am,are,is)	was,were	been
sew	sewed	sewn
do	did	done
go	went	gone
show	showed	shown
lie	lay	lain

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